SITE-506 Site Engineering Track · Phase 3: Testing, commissioning & handoverSite Engineering Track: 6 of 6

FAT, SAT & Site Testing Lab

Testing is where the site engineer earns the client's trust. Learn the tests you will witness most: insulation resistance, protective conductor continuity and loop impedance, RCD trip times and pipe pressure tests. Then prepare the FAT and SAT checklists you take to the factory and to site.

FAT, SAT and commissioning

Equipment is tested several times before handover. Each stage has a different purpose and a different witness. Click a stage.

Before you go to witness any test

Insulation resistance test (Megger)

Set up the test, choose the test voltage and press TEST. The lab simulates the reading for the cable condition you pick and checks it against the minimum. Then run a 10-minute test.

Test set-up

Instrument

Resistance over time (PI and DAR)

Continuity (R1+R2) and earth fault loop impedance (Zs)

For a final circuit, the protective device must disconnect fast enough when a line-to-earth fault happens. That depends on the loop impedance. Enter the circuit and the readings and see if it passes.

Circuit

Result

How the R1+R2 test is done

RCD testing

Choose the RCD, then enter the trip times your tester shows, or press Simulate. The lab checks each against the usual limits.

Device and readings

Result

Trip time chart

Hydrostatic pressure test simulator

Pick the system and the site condition. The test pressure and duration are set from the usual rule. Press play to run the test: the gauge, the chart and the 3D rig all follow the same clock.

Test gauge

Pressure record

0 min
Drag to rotate · scroll or pinch to zoom · tap a component

FAT and SAT witness checklists

Pick the equipment and the stage. Record each check as you witness it. The checklist is saved in this browser and prints as a witness record.

Checks

Summary

Engineer's notes

Things that go wrong at witness tests.

Quiz

Score 0

Plain-language explainer

Term

About this lab: FAT, SAT & Site Testing Lab

FAT, SAT and Site Testing for MEP Engineers

This free lab teaches the tests an MEP site engineer witnesses most often. Each test is interactive and shows the acceptance criteria, the common mistakes and the record you should get.

What the lab covers

  • Insulation resistance testing: test voltages, minimum values, temperature correction, polarisation index and dielectric absorption ratio
  • Continuity of protective conductors (R1+R2) and earth fault loop impedance (Zs) against the disconnection limit
  • RCD trip times for general and time-delayed devices
  • Hydrostatic pressure tests for sprinkler, standpipe, chilled water and domestic water systems
  • FAT and SAT witness checklists for major MEP equipment

What is the difference between FAT and SAT?

A factory acceptance test (FAT) is done at the manufacturer's works before the equipment ships, to prove it was built and performs as specified. A site acceptance test (SAT) is done after installation on site, to prove it was not damaged in transit, is installed correctly and works with the site systems.

What test voltage is used for an insulation resistance test on a 400 V circuit?

Under BS 7671 and IEC 60364-6, circuits up to 500 V (other than SELV and PELV) are tested at 500 V DC with a minimum of 1 MΩ. SELV and PELV circuits are tested at 250 V DC with a minimum of 0.5 MΩ, and circuits above 500 V at 1000 V DC with a minimum of 1 MΩ. AS/NZS 3000 also uses 500 V DC and 1 MΩ for low voltage circuits. Project specifications often ask for higher values.

What is the polarisation index?

The ratio of the insulation resistance at 10 minutes to the value at 1 minute. Clean, dry insulation keeps absorbing charge, so the reading rises and PI is high (above 2 is generally acceptable for motors under IEEE 43). Wet or contaminated insulation leaks, so the reading stays flat and PI is close to 1.

What is the test pressure for a sprinkler system?

NFPA 13 requires new sprinkler piping to be hydrostatically tested at not less than 200 psi (13.8 bar) for 2 hours, or 50 psi above the maximum static pressure when that is above 150 psi, with no loss of pressure. Local authorities and the specification can require more.

Developed by Eng. Mannan Maqsood. This is a training tool: always follow the project's approved procedures, the site HSE plan and the applicable authority requirements.

NEXT STEP

Where to go from here

Related labs that pick up where this one ends, and a learning path to follow.

Electrical & ELV T&C TrackerPlan electrical and ELV testing, track commissioning checks.E-104 →Meter Lab - Testing Instrument ReferenceExplore electrical testing instruments for LV, MV, HV and ELV work, with interactive meter examples.E-108 →LV Switchgear Verification & Assembly LabLV switchgear lab: IEC 61439 design and routine verification, FAT certificate, fault level.E-126 →Design Engineering TrackCodes, symbols, loads, cable sizing, drainage and calc sheets in 6 labs.LEARNING PATH →
Your work in each lab is saved in this browser.Save or move my progress · All 94 labs · Ask the Copilot

© 2026 Eng. Mannan Maqsood | Engineering Excellence Through Interactive Labs

SIMULATED VALUES FOR TRAINING. USE THE PROJECT SPECIFICATION, WIRING RULES AND MANUFACTURER DATA FOR ACCEPTANCE.

Share this pageFollow